Visit：2450   Date：2023-11-13

1. Incandescent lamp: Incandescent lamp, also known as electric light bulb, is the most common lighting fixture in our home decoration. The color light of incandescent lamps is closest to natural light, with a small light source, but there are many styles of lamp covers. Basically universal, with a wide variety of colors, including directional, scattering, diffuse, and other forms, it can enhance the sense of hierarchy of objects. However, incandescent lamps are particularly environmentally friendly. When we use incandescent lamps, 95% of our electromagnetic energy is consumed by heating the tungsten wire, and only the remaining 5% is truly used to transform into the visible light source. Moreover, if the heating temperature is too high, it is very easy to increase the indoor temperature, and the heat evaporates too quickly, so the service life is generally shorter. The color temperature is also relatively low, with a hint of light yellow.

2. Fluorescent tube: Like incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes also have a very familiar nickname, which is fluorescent lamp. The region where fluorescent tubes and incandescent lamps are different depends on how environmentally friendly and energy-efficient they are. 60% of the electromagnetic energy consumed can be converted into ultraviolet light, and the remaining 40% can only be converted into heat. And the high efficiency of converting ultraviolet light into visible light is twice that of tungsten filament bulbs with the same output power. However, mercury can be caused in the manufacturing of fluorescent tubes, leading to environmental pollution. Moreover, the color rendering index can be average, and it is also very easy to cause harm to eye vision.

3. Energy saving lamp: Energy saving lamp, also known as compact fluorescent tube, has a very high light efficiency, which is five times that of ordinary fluorescent lamps. The environmental protection and energy saving effect is very obvious, and the service life is generally very long, which is eight times that of ordinary electric bulbs. The volume is not large, which is conducive to use. However, energy-saving lights can cause light decay, harm the original color of items, and also cause damage to eye vision.

4. LED light: LED is actually a light emitting diode, with a small size, low power consumption, long service life, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. It is generally used in outdoor decoration design and lighting engineering, but now it is gradually transforming into indoor lighting. However, LED lights are relatively expensive and require a constant current power supply to maintain them. If heat dissipation is not handled properly, it can also cause light decay.

LED light source type

At present, LED beads are commonly used, and in the process of selecting LEDs, attention must be paid to these main parameters of the LED (output power, color, wavelength, luminous angle, lumen value, working voltage, and current). These main parameters are related to the brightness and darkness of the LED lamp itself, and the types of LED beads are divided into several types. For example, bamboo hat shaped LED lights, round mouth LED lights, concave LED lights, oval LED beads, square LED beads, bullet head LED beads, small flat head LED beads, cannibal pomfret LED beads, and SMD LED beads emit light directly or laterally. Different specifications of LED beads also have different angles of view, so design solutions should be made based on specific applications.

Selection of Light Guide Raw Materials

1. The selection of light guide raw materials is generally dominated by PC and PMMA, assisted by PS and transparent ABS. The fully transparent light guide effect is best with PMMA and PC, and the transmittance can achieve an effect of over 92%.

2. The method of adding a diffuser (3-5%) to the light guide material. If the LED lamp is designed for direct light transmission and only for better uniformity of light transmission, a semi transparent raw material can be directly added with a diffuser, or a diffuser can be attached to the bottom of the transparent component to diffuse the light source and achieve uniform light transmission.

3. The method for solving the surface problem of light guide raw materials is to create a pattern on the surface of the light guide column, which can be achieved by grinding, sanding, or misting, or by constructing convex and concave patterns. When the uniformity of the light source is not good, the light guide surface can also be designed to have a matte or textured effect, making the light source more uniform.

For example, the common focus effect of interior ambient lights is to create a textured or frosted effect on the back, and the surface can also have a 0.3 * 0.3 serrated surface to carry out astigmatism or spark discharge patterns. The specification is to use coarse spark discharge patterns (VDI27 can be used), and then pay attention to the distance between the light guide column and the LED, which should not be too close, otherwise the astigmatism effect is not good. LED lights should use a larger transmission angle (conventional 120 degree emission angle).

Design of light guide column structure

The light source scattered throughout the spectrometer is emitted in a fan-shaped manner, with a viewing angle of generally 120 degrees. The pivot is the brightest, and the darker it is towards the edge, which can be obtained. The light guide column must be vertically centered, otherwise there will be light decay.

1. The conventional L-shaped light guide column structure design: The light guide column is L-shaped, and the L-shaped corner is designed with a 45 degree reflection surface. The surface treatment of the light guide column must be careful, and the incident surface of the light source is a high gloss surface, the output surface is a frosted effect, the 45 degree reflection surface is also a high gloss effect, and other surfaces are general solution effects. The method of selecting fully transparent PC or fully transparent PC diffusion agent (3-5%) for raw materials depends on the length of the light source. The longer the line length between the emitting surface and the bright surface, the higher the clarity.

2. The structural design of U-shaped, Z-shaped, or multi turning point shaped light guide columns is the same as the basic design of L-shaped, forming a 45 degree reflective surface with a bright surface. Attention must be paid to the surface solution of the light guide column. The light source emitting surface is a bright surface, the bright surface is a frosted effect, the 45 degree vertical surface is also a cosmetic effect, and other surfaces are general solutions. The method of selecting fully transparent PC or fully transparent PC diffusion agent (3-5%) for raw materials. Little does it know that the emitting surface can also be designed as a concave surface based on the appearance of LED lights, or can be immediately designed as a concave surface condenser. This type of design is usually only designed when the light source chromaticity is insufficient. If the guiding light is very short, it is not necessary to design, and the effectiveness is not too great.

3. Side illuminated LED light guide column design: The basic principle of the side illuminated LED light guide column design is the same as that of the basic to appearance light guide column design. Simply changing the light source from illumination to side reflection requires the design of multiple 45 degree vertical planes in the direction of light guide, which is the same as the L-shaped light guide design.

4. The design of a non 45 degree light guide column with a mapping perspective: When the light guide column is designed as an arc shape or a vertical plane with a non 45 degree angle, the most shining point of the LED light source core cannot immediately come out based on the vertical reflection surface. It only comes out several times based on the side reflection surface, and the light source points seen are generally diffuse reflection effects. Therefore, some people say that the vertical plane cannot achieve the same effect as 45 degrees, which is due to the regulations on chromaticity and symmetry, If the light source is very short, even without a vertical plane, it can achieve the effect.

Design of Interior Atmosphere Light Guide Structure

The interior atmosphere light circle design is available in solid colors and RGB multi-colors, indicating effects such as illusion and flowing lights. To achieve such a beautiful and symmetrical effect, it is necessary to arrange the lights, send the perspective, and define the transparent materials, otherwise there will be dark corners and uneven chromaticity problems.

1. Illumination and Illumination Interior Atmosphere Light Construction Design: LED light source illumination, with a light transmission angle of 120 degrees. The cross light source of two light transmission angles should cover the surface fully transparent parts. The distance between the light and the surface fully transparent parts is defined based on the number of particles of the light, while the distance between the opposite light source endangers the distance between the light and the surface fully transparent parts. There is a risk in the design of the illumination method, which is that when the chromaticity of the two intersecting light sources is insufficient, a dark angle will occur, and the chromaticity will be uneven at first glance, resulting in a significant lighting effect.

Solution: A. Increase the distance between LED lights and surface transparent components, so that two LED lights cross over the light source to cover a large amount, reducing the contrast between the brightest and darkest lights. In addition, the distance between lights can also be adjusted, but it is best to adjust the distance between LED lights and surface transparent components from the perspective of cost and functional loss. B. Design the interior of the surface transparent component as frosted or sloping patterns, so that the light source emits after repeated mapping, or lift a spreading film directly between the LED lamp and the transparent component, so that the light source emits after repeated mapping. If all the above methods are difficult to solve, then the only way is to change the light emitting method.

2. Design of the interior ambient light structure with side lighting: A. Change the LED light source to side lighting, and then display the surface based on several mappings. The raw materials for transparent components should be fully transparent PC or semi transparent PC with a 3-5% diffusion agent. The vertical raw materials should be white white reflective or milky white reflective materials. It is particularly important to note that there must be a certain distance between LED lights and fully transparent components to avoid light shadows. The actual calculation and simulation should be based on the coverage range of the transmission angle.

B. LED or side emitting, with a fully transparent surface designed as a light guide, completely guiding light based on the fully transparent raw material. This type of design has a very weak surface chromaticity when using completely transparent raw materials, and most of the light sources cannot be seen. If PC dispersant raw materials are used, they will be bright in areas close to the light source, weak in areas far away, and cannot achieve complete symmetry.

C. The LED side emits light, opening the light source and light guide at a certain distance, and scattering light based on transmission or diffuse reflection. This type of method must pay attention to the design of blocking the light shadow, that is, the illuminating surface of the LED lamp. If the illuminating surface is not designed to block, there will be significant light shadow and uneven chromaticity.

3. Side light guide plate interior atmosphere light construction design: There is no specific technical standard for the construction design, which is to design a light guide plate with a fully transparent surface inside. The left and right sides of the light guide plate are designed with white reflections, and a circle of reflective stickers is designed around the light guide plate to ensure that the light source attenuation coefficient is at least. This type of design is usually designed with a solid color suction effect. If you want to ensure a flowing light or other effects, the cost may be high.

【 Summary 】 1. The design of the display light guide column structure is not too difficult. The key is to control the direction of the light source mapping, and select the raw materials and polishing sand. The worst way is to adjust the desired effect based on the brightness of LED components.

2. Exciting design for the transparent structure of the interior atmosphere light, selecting side lights to shine as much as possible in the indoor space, not only achieving better results than illumination, but also reducing the number of LED light particles arranged and reducing costs.

3. The method of using a light guide plate to complete the effect of the interior atmosphere light in the car must be designed by a professional light guide plate manufacturer. As the design of the illuminated business outlet is not casual, it must be simulated using mobile software. Ultimately, this aspect is not everyone's technical expertise, and technical matters are left to technical professionals to solve.